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节奏性篮球投篮训练对罚球准确性、动作稳定性及沉浸体验的影响. (2025). 教育学刊, 3(12), 277-282. https://doi.org/10.62836/jer.v3n12.0890
Copyright (c) 2025 李辉

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
节奏性篮球投篮训练对罚球准确性、动作稳定性及沉浸体验的影响
李辉
洛阳理工学院体育教学部,河南洛阳
摘要:篮球罚球表现受运动技能执行的时序结构与心理调控共同影响。针对传统训练范式对动作节奏标准化关注不足的问题,本研究引入节奏性训练理念,系统探讨节拍器引导的训练对大学生篮球运动员罚球表现的影响。采用随机对照实验设计,将40名具有持续训练基础的男性大学生随机分为实验组与对照组。实验组进行为期6周、每周2次的节奏性训练,以节拍器为外部时间参照建立标准化投篮时序;对照组完成等强度传统训练。通过罚球命中率、传感器测得的出手时机变异性及《沉浸状态量表-2》得分,多维度评估干预效果。结果显示:6周干预后,两组参与者的罚球命中率、动作稳定性及沉浸体验均获显著改善(p < 0.001)。实验组命中率由61.5%提升至70.0%,出手时机变异性由0.84秒降至0.64秒;对照组命中率由62.1%提升至70.6%,变异性由0.82秒降至0.62秒。双因素混合方差分析表明,时间主效应显著(p < 0.001),但组别主效应及时间×组别交互作用均未达显著水平(p > 0.05),说明节奏训练在统计上未表现出显著优势。研究证实,系统训练可有效提升罚球表现。尽管节奏训练未产生额外的统计优势,但其通过外部时序线索促进动作自动化的训练思路,为篮球技能训练的标准化与量化提供了新路径,具备作为传统训练补充方案的潜在价值。未来研究可延长干预周期、拓展样本多样性,或引入压力情境,进一步验证该方法的适用边界与持续效益。
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[3] 张乃钰, 闫琪, 于涛. 不同球类项目运动视觉的特点、训练方法及其对运动表现的影响[J]. 体育科技文献通报, 2025, 33(03): 55-60.
[4] Button C, MacLeod M, Sanders R, Coleman S. (2003). Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels[J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 74(3), 257-69.
[5] Pates, J., Karageorghis, C. I., Fryer, R., & Maynard, I. (2003). Effects of asynchronous music on flow states and shooting performance among netball players[J]. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(4),415–427.
[6] Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., & Parsons-Smith, R. L. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91–117.
[7] Hamilton, G. R., & Reinschmidt, C. (1997). Optimal trajectory for the basketball free throw[J]. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(5), 491–504.
[8] 刘宇, 周治宁, 王玮, 等. 神经生物力学视角下无创脑刺激对提高人体运动能力的影响及其机制[J]. 上海体育大学报, 2025, 49(01): 11-27.
[9] 赖焕春. 核心力量训练在高校篮球训练中的应用研究[J]. 湖北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 44(04): 80-87.
[10] Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (1997). The psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: A review[J]. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(1), 54–68.
[11] Karageorghis, C. I., & Priest, D. L. (2012). Music in the exercise domain: A review and synthesis [J]. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 44–66.
[12] Arazi, H., Asadi, A., & Purabed, M. (2015). The effect of listening to preferred versus non-preferred music on resistance exercise performance[J]. Sport Sciences for Health, 11(3), 279-284.


