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PVC微塑料破坏花生根系构型并诱导氧化胁迫. (2026). 环球科学与工程, 3(2), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.62836/gse.v3i2.1273
PVC微塑料破坏花生根系构型并诱导氧化胁迫
梁展鹏，谢青*，刘颖*
广东海洋大学滨海农业学院农学系，广东湛江
摘要：PVC微塑料胁迫显著抑制花生生长，且随浓度升高呈剂量依赖性抑制效应。与对照相比，8g/L处理下地上部鲜重降低61.96%（P<0.001），根鲜重降低63.43%（P<0.001）。根系构型受到明显破坏，根尖数量减少45.42%（P<0.001），根总长减少56.85%（P<0.001）；而根平均直径在2g/L和4g/L时分别适应性增加14.29%和10.55%（P<0.05）。PVC微塑料显著诱导氧化胁迫，根系MDA含量在4g/L时达到峰值，较对照升高130.89%（P<0.001）。抗氧化防御系统被激活，根系POD活性在6g/L时较对照提高80.08%（P<0.001），叶片POD活性提高132.43%（P<0.001）；SOD活性随浓度升高持续上升，而APX活性在4g/L达峰后根系急剧回落，叶片维持较高活性。PVC微塑料主要通过破坏根系发育、降低根系活力、诱导氧化胁迫三条途径协同抑制花生生长，其中4-6g/L为关键胁迫阈值浓度。本研究结果为明确PVC微塑料对豆科作物的毒害机制及农田微塑料污染防控提供了科学依据。
参考文献
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[2] Geyer R, Jambeck J R, Law K L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 2017, 3(7): e1700782.
[3] Plastics Europe. Plastics—the Facts 2021: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Plastics Europe, 2021.
[4] Horton A A, Walton A, Spurgeon D J, et al. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586: 127-141.
[5] Ng E L, Huerta Lwanga E, Eldridge S M, et al. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 627: 1377-1388.
[6] Yang R, Chen M, Cheng L, et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying microplastics-induced inhibition of lateral root development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2025, 143: 287-298.
[7] Li Y, Huang X, Lv Q, et al. Visual observation of polystyrene microplastics/nanoplastics in peanut seedlings and their effects on growth and the antioxidant defense system. Agronomy, 2025, 15(8): 1895.
[8] Halder U, Radharamanan C, Venkatesan K, et al. Interaction of PVC microplastics with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root surface: A scanning electron microscopic study. Chemosphere, 2023, 312: 137143.
[9] de Souza Machado A A, Lau C W, Kloas W, et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(4): 1405-1416.
[10] Fan F, Liu S, Jiang Y, et al. Studies on the impact of aged microplastics on agricultural soil enzyme activity, lettuce growth, and oxidative stress. Geochemistry and Health, 2025, 47(3): 891-905.
[11] Guo Y, Wang X, Li J, et al. Manganese stress inhibits peanut growth by disrupting root architecture and inducing oxidative stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2023, 289: 173986.
[12] Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, et al. Aluminum toxicity affects peanut growth through altering root morphology and antioxidant system. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2022, 198: 104987.
[13] Bai L, Wang C, Chen Y, et al. Effects of microplastics on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings: Oxidative stress, growth inhibition and metabolic analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 857: 159620.
[14] Lithner D, Larsson A, Dave G. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, 409(18): 3309-3324.
[15] 陈广龙,王文静,王俊.微塑料对陆生植物生长发育和根际环境影响研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2023,39(5):591-602.
[16] Liu Y, Xu F, Ding L, et al. Microplastics reduce nitrogen uptake in peanut plants by damaging root cells and impairing soil nitrogen cycling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 444: 130478.
[17] Li Y, Lv Q, Huang X, et al. Uptake and accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and their effects on root nodule symbiosis. Environmental Pollution, 2024, 318: 120823.
[18] de Souza Machado A A, Lau C W, Till J, et al. Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(17): 9656-9665.
[19] Rillig M C, Ziersch L, Hempel S. Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 1362.
[20] Fuller S, Gautam A. A procedure for measuring microplastics in soil. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2016, (114): e54062.
[21] Boots B, Russell C W, Green D S. Effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems: Above and below ground. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(19): 11496-11506.
[22] Pignattelli S, Brocchieri E, Ruzzi A, et al. Hydroponic syl- stems for the treatment of microplastic-contaminated water: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 326: 116785.
[23] Miller G, Suzuki N, Ciftci-Yilmaz S, et al. Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and signalling during drought and salinity stresses. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2010, 33(4): 453-467.
[24] Kang M, Liu Y, Wang H, et al. Physiological toxicity and antioxidant mechanism of photoaging microplastics on Pisum sativum L. seedlings. Toxics, 2023, 11(3): 242.
[25] Maity S, Guchhait R, Sarkar M B, et al. Occurrence and distribution of micro/nanoplastics in soils and their phytotoxic effects: A review. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2022, 45(11): 2865-2883.
[26] Mittler R. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 2002, 7(9): 405-410.
[27] Asada K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 1999, 50: 601-639.
[28] Apel K, Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2004, 55: 373-399.
[29] 宗海英,刘君,郭晓红,等.聚乙烯微塑料对花生幼苗镉吸收及生理特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(8):1567-1575.
[30] Sun H, Bai J, Liu R, et al. Polyethylene microplastic and nano ZnO Co-exposure: Effects on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and rhizosphere bacterial community. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 383: 135567.
[31] 刘晓,张岩,李明,等.水培体系中微塑料对植物的毒性效应研究进展[J].环境科学,2023,44(2):1023-1033.
[32] Huang Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, et al. Accumulation and physiological effects of polystyrene microplastics in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Environmental Pollution, 2022, 297: 118735.
[33] 王芳,刘亮,张华,等.PVC微塑料对植物生长的影响及其生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2024,44(1):456-468.
[34] Ma Y, Huang A, Cao S, et al. Effects of nanoplastics and microplastics on toxicity, bioaccumulation, and environmental fate of phenanthrene in fresh water. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 219: 166-174.
[35] 刘玲,洪婷婷,胡倩男,等.微塑料与铅复合污染对水稻幼苗根系生长和氧化应激的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(7):1335-1343.