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外源镉离子对大豆幼苗生长的影响. (2026). 环球科学与工程, 3(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.62836/gse.v3i2.1270
外源镉离子对大豆幼苗生长的影响
杨少瑕，黄瑜嘉，杨少妍，弓雨鑫，蔡尚宏，吴雨琪，刘颖*
广东海洋大学，广东湛江
摘要：为探究镉（Cd）胁迫对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响，明确其毒害效应与耐受机制，本研究以大豆品种粤春03-3（YC03-3）为材料，采用水培法设置0、1.25、2.5、5、10µmol/L 5个Cd浓度梯度，处理15d后系统测定植株表型、根系抗氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量变化。结果表明：随Cd浓度升高，大豆株高显著降低，植株出现节间缩短、茎秆细弱、叶片卷曲等毒害症状，生长抑制呈明显浓度依赖性；低-中浓度（≤5µmol/L）Cd胁迫下，根系SOD、CAT、APX、POD活性均显著升高，协同清除过量活性氧（ROS），维持氧化还原稳态；高浓度（10µmol/L）Cd胁迫时，SOD活性急剧下降，抗氧化系统失衡，氧化损伤加剧；根系可溶性蛋白含量随Cd浓度升高持续上升，通过增强渗透调节与解毒能力缓解毒害。综上，Cd胁迫对粤春03-3幼苗具有显著剂量依赖性毒害效应，5µmol/L为其抗氧化系统耐受临界浓度，研究结果为大豆耐镉品种筛选及污染农田安全利用提供理论依据。
参考文献
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[26] 于子昊,李胜宝,赵晓玲,等.玉米根系、根鞘性状与镉吸收的品种差异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(04):747-755.
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[36] Dixit V, Pandey V, Shyam R. Differential antioxidative responses to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001, 52 (358): 1101-1109.
[37] Sharma I, Ahmad P. Oxidative Damage to Plants. San Diego: Academic Press, 2014, 131-148.
[38] Shigeoka S, Ishikawa T, Tamoi M, et al. Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2022, 53(72): 305–1319
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[2] 王欣悦,温晓婷,张远,等.大豆蛋白质与油脂代谢分子调控[J].土壤与作物,2026,1-13.
[3] Du G M, Yao L C, Han L, et al. What should be learned from the dynamic evolution of crop patterns in the black soil region of northeast China? A case study of wangkui county, Heilongjiang province. 2023, 12(8): 1574.
[4] Xiang M T, Li Y, Yang J Y, et al. Heavy metal contamination risk assessment and correlation analysis of heavy metal contents in soil and crops. Environmental Pollution, 2021, 278: 116911.
[5] Kumar S, Prasad S, Yadav K K, et al. Hazardous heavy metals contamination of vegetables and food chain: Role of sustainable remediation approaches—A review. Environmental Research, 2019, 179: 108792.
[6] 陈能场,郑煜基,何晓峰,等.《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》探析[J].农业环境科学报,2017,36(09):1689-1692.
[7] 宋勇泽.外源褪黑素对多种非生物胁迫下苗期大豆生长及其基因表达的调控[D].东北农业大学,2025.
[8] 陈玉成,赵中金,孙彭寿,等.重庆市土壤-蔬菜系统中重金属的分布特征及其化学调控研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,(01):44-47.
[9] Nagajyoti C P, Lee D K, Sreekanth M V T. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2010, 8(3): 199-216.
[10] Benavides M P, Gallego S M, Tomaro M L, et al. Cadmium toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2005, 17(1): 21-34.
[11] Parmar P, Kumari N, Sharma V. Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, 2013, 54(1): 1-6.
[12] Gill S S, Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2010, 48(12): 909-930.
[13] Küpper H. Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, 491-500.
[14] 杨红霞,陈俊良,刘崴.镉对植物的毒害及植物解毒机制研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(02):1-8.
[15] 刘俊,廖柏寒,周航,等.镉胁迫下大豆生长发育的生理生态特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(02):333-340.
[16] Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie, 2006, 88(11): 1707-1719.
[17] 周倍竹.有机酸对不同镉胁迫下中国无忧花生长生理的影响[D].广西大学, 2023.
[18] 刘佳丽.重金属镉对大豆种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].农业技术与装备,2023,(12):13-15.
[19] Rácz A, Hideg é, Czégény G. Selective responses of class III plant peroxidase isoforms to environmentally relevant UV-B doses. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2018, 221: 101-106.
[20] Shi J, Zhao M, Zhang F, et al. Physiological mechanism through which al toxicity inhibits peanut root growth. Plants. 2024, 13(2): 325.
[21] Srivastava A K, Singh D. Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model. Scientific reports.2020, 10(1): 886.
[22] Ren H, Zhang B, Zhang F, et al. Integration of physiological and transcriptomic approaches in investigating salt-alkali stress resilience in soybean. Plant Stress. 2024, 11:100375.
[23] 柯嘉雯,程张浩,高雪夷,等.镉污染下的植物响应:从吸收、转运到应答与缓解机制[J].植物生态学报,2026,1-19.
[24] Yanliang L, Ur S R, Zhixin Q, et al. Toxic effects of cadmium on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and phytoremediation strategies: A review. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 2023, 325: 121433-121433.
[25] Zhang X, Yang M, Yang H, et al. The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects. Cells, 2024, 13(11): 907.
[26] 于子昊,李胜宝,赵晓玲,等.玉米根系、根鞘性状与镉吸收的品种差异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(04):747-755.
[27] Gallego M S, Pena B L, Barcia A R, et al. Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: Insight into regulatory mechanisms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2012, 86: 33-46.
[28] Ullah F H, Cai L, Couter J A, et al. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021, 211:111887-111887.
[29] Ann C, Michelle P, Tony R, et al. Cadmium stress: an oxidative challenge. Biometals: An International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, 2010, 23(5): 927-40.
[30] Luo P, Wu J, Li T T, et al. An Overview of the Mechanisms through Which Plants Regulate ROS Homeostasis under Cadmium Stress. Antioxidants, 2024, 13(10): 11 74-1174.
[31] Sharma P, Dubey R S. Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2005, 17(1): 35-52.
[32] 周翠,张雯,王婷,等.秋华柳抗氧化酶系统对镉胁迫的响应[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(10):27-34.
[33] 徐勤松,施国新,王学,等. 镉、铜和锌胁迫下黑藻活性氧的产生及抗氧化酶活性的变化研究[J].水生生物学报,2006,(01):107-112.
[34] Palma J M, Mateos R M, López-Jaramillo J, et al. Plant catalases as NO and H2S targets. Redox Biol. 2020, 34: 101525.
[35] Pinto, F R., Mourato, M P., Sales, J R., et al. Oxidative stress response in spinach plants induced by cadmium. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017, 40(2): 268–276.
[36] Dixit V, Pandey V, Shyam R. Differential antioxidative responses to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad). Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001, 52 (358): 1101-1109.
[37] Sharma I, Ahmad P. Oxidative Damage to Plants. San Diego: Academic Press, 2014, 131-148.
[38] Shigeoka S, Ishikawa T, Tamoi M, et al. Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2022, 53(72): 305–1319
[39] Giovanni D, Silvia F, Antonella F. Regulatory networks of cadmium stress in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2010, 5(6): 663-667.
[40] Finger-Teixeira A, Ferrarese Mde L, Soares A R, et al. Cadmium-induced lignification restricts soybean root growth. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2010, 73(8): 1959-1964.
[41] Hasan K M, Hasan K M, Cheng Y, et al. Responses of Plant Proteins to Heavy Metal Stress—A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 1492.
[42] Nagib A, Takuji N, Setsuko K. Differential responses of microsomal proteins and metabolites in two contrasting cadmium (Cd)-accumulating soybean cultivars under Cd stress. Amino Acids, 2012, 42(1): 317-27.