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将神经影像学融入精神医学教学——基于医学教育改革的探索. (2026). 环球医学研究, 3(5), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.62836/medicine.v3i5.1462
Copyright (c) 2026 杨家诚, 唐云翔, 程祺, 蔡文鹏
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
将神经影像学融入精神医学教学——基于医学教育改革的探索
杨家诚1，唐云翔2，程祺3，蔡文鹏2
1. 中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院，上海200433；
2. 中国人民解放军海军军医大学心理系，上海200433；
3. 联勤保障部队904医院常州医疗区，江苏常州213000
摘要：随着脑科学、人工智能及医学影像技术的发展，神经影像学已成为研究精神疾病神经生物学机制、探索生物标志物及辅助临床评估的重要工具。结构磁共振成像（MRI）、功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、弥散张量成像（DTI）及正电子发射断层显像（PET）等技术不断用于精神分裂症、抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍及认知障碍等疾病研究，推动精神医学由单一脑区向脑网络和神经环路层面发展。与研究进展相比，神经影像学在精神医学教学中的系统应用仍较有限。本文综述神经影像学在精神疾病中的应用及教学价值，分析当前教学中课程体系、知识衔接、师资资源、教学模式及评价体系等方面的问题，并从分层课程、“理论—影像—病例”一体化教学、主动学习、数字化与人工智能辅助教学及多维评价等方面总结实施路径，进一步展望多模态影像、人工智能和多学科协同在精神医学教学中的应用，为相关课程改革提供参考。
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[2] Iorio-Morin C, Sarica C, Elias G J B, et al. Neuroimaging of psychiatric disorders[J]. Prog Brain Res, 2022, 270(1): 149-169.
[3] Sporns O. The human connectome: origins and challenges[J]. Neuroimage, 2013, 80: 53-61.
[4] Williams L M, Whitfield Gabrieli S. Neuroimaging for precision medicine in psychiatry[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024, 50(1): 246-257.
[5] Medina M, Lee D, Garza D M, et al. Neuroimaging Education in Psychiatry Residency Training: Needs Assessment[J]. Acad Psychiatry, 2020, 44(3): 311-315.
[6]Downar J, Krizova A, Ghaffar O, et al. Neuroimaging week: a novel, engaging, and effective curriculum for teaching neuroimaging to junior psychiatric residents[J]. Acad Psychiatry, 2010, 34(2): 119-24.
[7] Cooper J J, Valencia V A, Niu K. Neuroimaging education in psychiatric training[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024, 50(1): 298-304.
[8] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于加快医学教育创新发展的指导意见[EB/OL]. (2020-09-23) [2026-08-27]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/bgt/gwywj2/202009/54f4a57e6eaf40afa48b608e4fed35b6.shtml.
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[10] Brandl F, Avram M, Weise B, et al. Specific Substantial Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia: A Transdiagnostic Multimodal Meta-analysis of Resting-State Functional and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies[J]. Biol Psychiatry, 2019, 85(7): 573-583.
[11] Hamilton J P, Etkin A, Furman D J, et al. Functional neuroimaging of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis and new integration of base line activation and neural response data[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2012, 169(7): 693-703.
[12] Chen G, Wang J, Gong J, et al. Functional and structural brain differences in bipolar disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies[J]. Psychol Med, 2022, 52(14): 2861-2873.
[13] Porter-Stransky K A, Vollbrecht P J, Riddle D R. A Case-Based Neuroanatomy Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Psychiatric Conditions for Second-Year Medical Students[J]. Med Sci Educ, 2021, 31(1): 15-16.
[14] Benjamin S, Travis M J, Cooper J J, et al. Neuropsychiatry and neuroscience education of psychiatry trainees: attitudes and barriers[J]. Acad Psychiatry, 2014, 38(2): 135-40.
[15] Gelb D J, Kraakevik J, Safdieh J E, et al. Contemporary Neuroscience Core Curriculum for Medical Schools[J]. Neurology, 2021, 97(14): 675-684.
[16] Brannick M T, Erol-Korkmaz H T, Prewett M. A systematic review of the reliability of objective structured clinical examination scores[J]. Med Educ, 2011, 45(12): 1181-9.
[17] Schut S, Maggio L A, Heeneman S, et al. Where the rubber meets the road - An integrative review of programmatic assessment in health care professions education[J]. Perspect Med Educ, 2021, 10(1): 6-13.
[18] Wang X, Nie X, Zhang F, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of depression: a bibliometrics and meta-analysis[J]. Ann Gen Psychiatry, 2024, 23(1): 39.
[19] Parsaei M, Sheipouri A, Partovifar P, et al. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for treatment response prediction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review[J]. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging, 2024, 342: 111841.
[20] Raut S, Bhalerao A, Powers M, et al. Hypometabolism, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Possible Therapeutic Targets: An Overview[J]. Cells, 2023, 12(16).
[21] Ge W L, Zhu X Y, Lin J B, et al. Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review[J]. BMC Med Educ, 2025, 25(1): 455.
[22] Adams S N, Kater K A, Khan A, et al. Development of a Case-Based Learning Framework for Medical Education: A Scoping Review[J]. Med Sci Educ, 2026, 36(2): 975-987.
[23] Chen F, Lui A M, Martinelli S M. A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education[J]. Med Educ, 2017, 51(6): 585-597.
[24] Hui M L, Sacoransky E, Chung A, et al. Exploring the integration of artificial intelligence in radiology education: A scoping review[J]. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol, 2025, 54(3): 332-338.
[25] Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Valizadeh P, et al. Radiology as a Specialty in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Medical Students, Radiology Trainees, and Radiologists[J]. Acad Radiol, 2024, 31(1): 306-321.
[26] Frank J R, Snell L S, Cate O T, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice[J]. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 638-45.
[27] Iobst W F, Sherbino J, Cate O T, et al. Competency-based medical education in postgraduate medical education[J]. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 651-6.
[28] Calhoun V D, Sui J. Multimodal fusion of brain imaging data: A key to finding the missing link(s) in complex mental illness[J]. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, 2016, 1(3): 230-244.
[29] Quaak M, Van De Mortel L, Thomas R M, et al. Deep learning applications for the classification of psychiatric disorders using neuroimaging data: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Neuroimage Clin, 2021, 30: 102584.
[30] Smucny J, Shi G, Davidson I. Deep Learning in Neuroimaging: Overcoming Challenges With Emerging Approaches[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2022, 13: 912600.
[31] Andrews M, Di Ieva A. Artificial intelligence for brain neuroanatomical segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging: A literature review[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2025, 134: 111073.
[32] Shetty S, Bhat S, Al Bayatti S, et al. The Scope of Virtual Reality Simulators in Radiology Education: Systematic Literature Review[J]. JMIR Med Educ, 2024, 10: e52953.
[33] Wu Y, Mondal P, Stewart M, et al. Bringing Radiology Education to a New Reality: A Pilot Study of Using Virtual Reality as a Remote Educational Tool[J]. Can Assoc Radiol J, 2023, 74(2): 251-263.