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不同铝离子浓度对水稻苗期的生理生化影响. (2026). 环球资源与环境进展, 3(2), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.62836/environment.v3i2.1263
不同铝离子浓度对水稻苗期的生理生化影响
邱玲，弓雨鑫，杨少妍，刘颖*
广东海洋大学，广东湛江
摘要：为揭示铝毒胁迫下水稻的生理响应规律，以水稻品种海红11（HH11）为试材，采用水培法设置0、40、160、640、1280μM共5个Al³⁺浓度梯度，处理25天后测定植株表型、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量及抗氧化酶（APX、CAT、POD、SOD）活性。结果表明：铝胁迫对水稻的影响具有显著器官特异性，地上部株高受影响较小，根系生长随Al浓度升高逐渐受抑；根系可溶性蛋白含量呈先升后降趋势，MDA含量在160μM处理下显著升高，膜脂过氧化损伤加剧；根系APX、CAT、POD和SOD活性均表现为中浓度诱导、高浓度抑制，160μM为关键激活浓度，而叶片各指标整体保持稳定。表明水稻主要通过根系启动抗氧化防御与渗透调节抵御铝毒，叶片因Al积累较少而维持生理稳态，可为酸性土壤区水稻耐铝育种与栽培提供理论参考。
参考文献
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[33] 彭艳,李洋,杨广笑,等.铝胁迫对不同小麦SOD､CAT､POD活性和MDA含量的影响[J].生物技术,2006,16(3):5.
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[39] Joanna S, Elżbieta R, Ewa P, et al. Proteolytic and Structural Changes in Rye and Triticale Roots under Aluminum Stress[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(11): 3046-3046.
[40] Agnieszka N, Lucyna D, Dynkowska W M, et al. Aluminum Stress Induces Irreversible Proteomic Changes in the Roots of the Sensitive but Not the Tolerant Genotype of Triticale Seedlings. Plants, 2022, 11(2): 165-165.
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[2] 吴媛媛.我国水稻生产现状及发展趋势[J].新农业,2018,(07):27-28.
[3] 章家恩,石兆基,李德鑫,等.中国水稻大面积单产提升的潜力、挑战、方向路径与行动举措[J].华南农业大学学报,2026,47(2):175-186.
[4] 陈悦,孙明哲,贾博为,等.水稻AP2/ERF转录因子参与逆境胁迫应答的分子机制研究进展[J].作物学报,2022,48(04):781-790.
[5] 胡娟,潘朝阳,张丽婷,等.非生物胁迫对水稻根系形态和生理的影响[J].江西农业学报,2025,37(04):69-77+88.
[6] 袁晶晶.不同耐铝机制的植物及外源因子对酸性土壤溶液铝化学的影响[D].西北农林科技大学,2010.
[7] Yang L, Liu T, Li G H et al. Functional divergence of ALMTs mediates organic acid transport and callose synthesis for aluminum tolerance in rose myrtle. Plant Physiology,2025, 200(1): 655.
[8] Feng J M, Renfang S, Sakiko N, et al. Aluminum targets elongating cells by reducing cell wall extensibility in wheat roots[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2004, 45(5): 583-9.
[9] Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Matsumoto H. Lipid peroxidation is an early symptom triggered by aluminum, but not the primary cause of elongation inhibition in pea roots[J]. Plant physiology, 2001, 125(1): 199-208.
[10] Delhaize E, Ryan P R. Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology, 1995, 107(2): 315-321.
[11] Zhang W H, Wang J, Chen L S, et al. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal differential aluminum tolerance mechanisms in rice varieties. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023, 198: 107-118.
[12] Kochian V L, Hoekenga A O, Piñeros A M. How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. Annual eview of lant Biology, 2004, 55(0): 459-493.
[13] Jan F, Yamashita K, Matsumoto H, et al. Protein and peroxidase changes in various root-cell fractions of two upland rice cultivars differing in Al tolerance[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2001, 46(2): 141-146.
[14] 师瑞红.水稻幼苗适应铝胁迫的生理特性研究[D].华中农业大学,2007.
[15] 张云华,孟庆玲,计成林,等. 铝胁迫对转C4磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因水稻光合作用和活性氧代谢的影响[J].生物技术通报,2014,(07):81-85.
[16] 邢俊连,彭歆.水稻耐铝毒害生理和分子机制研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(09):20-30.
[17] Jiang D, Du S, Shi J, et al. Glutathione mitigates aluminum toxicity in root-apex transition zone of rice through reducing aluminum absorption and maintaining redox balance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry: PPB, 2024, 219: 109366.
[18] 王旭明,赵夏夏,陈景阳,等.盐胁迫下海水稻抗逆生理响应分析[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2019,27(05):747-756.
[19] Huang G, Ding C, Li Y, et al. Selenium enhances iron plaque formation by elevating the radial oxygen loss of roots to reduce cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 398: 122860.
[20] Silva A D M M, Ferreira T L, Vasconcelos D T M , et al. Water Stress-Induced esponses in the rowth, Cuticular Wax Composition, Chloroplast Pigments and Soluble Protein Content, and Redox Metabolism of Two Genotypes of Ricinus communis L. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2020, 40(1): 1-11.
[21] Shi J, Zhao M, Zhang F, et al. Physiological Mechanism through Which Al Toxicity Inhibits Peanut Root Growth. Plants, 2024, 13(2): 325-325.
[22] Rácz A, Hideg É, Czégény G. Selective responses of class III plant peroxidase isoforms to environmentally relevant UV-B doses[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2018, 221: 101-106.
[23] Conghui L, Jiaxin L, Xihua D, et al. Chloroplast Thylakoidal Ascorbate Peroxidase, PtotAPX, Has Enhanced Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Populus tomentosa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(6): 3340-3340.
[24] Kumar A S, Divya S. Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 886.
[25] Chen G, Zheng D, Feng N, et al. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid and abscisic acid on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of rice. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2022, 235(4): 1523-1540.
[26] 杨野,王伟,刘辉等.铝胁迫对不同耐铝小麦品种根伸长生长影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):584-590.
[27] 张涛.铝胁迫对不同耐性的小麦与小黑麦及其异源亲本活性氧代谢的影响[D].广西大学,2018.
[28] 王保义,李朝苏,刘鹏,等.荞麦叶内抗氧化系统对铝胁迫的响应[J].生态环境,2006,15(4):816-821.
[29] 黎梅杰,段正山,姜华,等.铝胁迫下楚雄南苜蓿的生理响应[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2023,38(4):615-620.
[30] 陈晓荧.硒缓解酸柚铝毒的生理机制研究[D].福建农林大学,2024.
[31] 盘建英,吴庆标,田湘,等.白云石与活性炭及铝对桉树幼苗磷铝锰的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2025,45(05):524-535.
[32] Jiang D, Ou Y, Jiang G, et al. Melatonin-priming ameliorates aluminum accumulation and toxicity in rice through enhancing aluminum exclusion and maintaining redox homeostasis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2025, 219: 109433-109433.
[33] 彭艳,李洋,杨广笑,等.铝胁迫对不同小麦SOD､CAT､POD活性和MDA含量的影响[J].生物技术,2006,16(3):5.
[34] Abd Elgawad H, Zinta G, Hamed A B, et al. Maize roots and shoots show distinct profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense under heavy metal toxicity. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 258: 113705.
[35] García-Caparrós , Filippis D L, Gul A, et al. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: A Review. The Botanical Review, 2020, 87(4): 1-46.
[36] 缪聪林,刘亚敏,姚虹宇,等.3种有机酸对铝毒下马尾松幼苗抗氧化系统调控效应评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2025,49(01):112-118.
[37] Siqueira A J, Barros S A J, Dal-Bianco M, et al. Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2020, 32(2): 1-13.
[38] Reis D R A, Lisboa MA L, Reis G P, et al. Depicting the physiological and ultrastructural responses of soybean plants to Al stress conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018, 130: 377-390.
[39] Joanna S, Elżbieta R, Ewa P, et al. Proteolytic and Structural Changes in Rye and Triticale Roots under Aluminum Stress[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(11): 3046-3046.
[40] Agnieszka N, Lucyna D, Dynkowska W M, et al. Aluminum Stress Induces Irreversible Proteomic Changes in the Roots of the Sensitive but Not the Tolerant Genotype of Triticale Seedlings. Plants, 2022, 11(2): 165-165.
[41] 谢国生,范雪莲,师瑞红,等.铝胁迫对水稻幼苗生理变化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(1):5.
[42] Suwanna P, Rujira T, Thanyaporn S, et al. Aluminum uptake, translocation, physiological changes, and overall growth inhibition in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa) at vegetative stage. Environmental geochemistry and health, 2022, 45(1): 187-197.